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小学英语语法知识
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小学英语语法知识英语动词4种时态: 1、一般现在时:常与表示程度或频度的词连用,如:often(经常),usually(通常,一般),sometimes(有时),always(总是,一直),never(从不),表示经常性或习惯性的动作,表示现在的特征或状态,表示普遍真理。用动词原形表示,第三人称单数后,动词要在词尾加s(或es,或变y为i再加es)。如:Ioftengetupat7:00. Heoftengetsupat7:30. 2、现在进行时:表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。用am/is/are加动词ing形式表示,如:Whatareyoudoing?Iamreadingabook.Whatishedoing?Heissinging. 3、一般将来时:常与表示将来的时间连用,如:tomorrow,nextweek,nextyear等,表示将要发生的动作或情况。用am/is/are加goingto形式表示,如:Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?I’mgoingtorideahorse.用will加动词原形表示,如:WhatwillyoudonextSunday?Iwillgoshopping.用am/is/are加动词ing形式表示,如:Whatareyoudoingtomorrow?I’mgoingbowling. 4、一般过去时:经常与表示过去的时间连用,如:yesterday,lastnight等,表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。动词要用动词的过去式。如: Whowasfirst?Kenwasfirst. Wherewereyouyesterday?Iwasathome. Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Iwenttoschool. 形容词的比较级和最高级: 1、单音节词:比较级加er,最高级加est.如:tall—taller—thetallest, Heistallerthanhisbrother.Tomisthetallestinhisclass. 2、多音节词和部分双音节词:比较级加more,最高级加themost.如: interesting---------moreinteresting---------themostinteresting, Musicisinterestingsubject.P.E.ismoreinterestingthanmusic.. Scienceisthemostinterestingsubject.形容词变为比较级的变化规则:(1)一般情况下,在形容词的词尾直接加er。如:tall—tallershort—shorter.(2)以字母e结尾的形容词,在词尾直接加r,如:nice—nicer.late—later(3)以重读闭音节结尾,且结尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加er.如:big—biggerthin—thinnerfat—fatter(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节形容词,先变y为i,再加er。如:easy—easierheavy—heavierfunny—funnier.(2)、部分形容词比较级的不规则变化:good—betterwell—betterbad—worsebadly—worsemany—moremuch—morelittle—lessfar—farther动词ing的变化规律:1)直接加ing,如:open-opening,clean-cleaning,meet-meeting,sing-singing,study-studying,…2)去掉词尾不发音的e,如:take-taking,close-closing,come-coming,drive-driving,have-having,use-using,write-writing,practice-practicing,…3)重读闭音节的,双写最后的字母,加ing,如:sit-sitting,put-putting,begin-beginning,get-getting,swim-swimming,run-running,cut-cutting,become-becoming,…主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律相同):1)直接加s,如:cook-cooks,come-comes,close-closes,…2)以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:teach-teaches,go-goes,do-does,catch-catches,wash-washes,brush-brushes,miss-misses,…3)辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i,+es,如:fly-flies,worry-worries,carry-carries,…4)以f或fe结尾,把f或fe,改为v+es.5)特殊:have-has,…6)家庭、亲属和朋友:姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好:与你的关系words:family,grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grandmum),father,mother,brother,sister,uncle,aunt,cousin,friend相关句型:1)Ishe/sheTom’scousin?Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheisn’t.2)Who’she/she?He’s/She’smyfriend.3)Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Whoarethey?Therearefour,myfather,mymother,mybrotherandme.注意:1)名词单复数,如:family-families;名词单数--复数规律:(1)1)直接加s,如:boy-boys,term-terms,2)以o,x,s,sh,ch结尾+es,如:box-boxes,class-classes,glass-glasses,coach-coaches,dress-dresses,fax-faxes,inch-inches,match-matches,3)辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i,+es,如:baby-babies,lady-ladies,factory-factories,peach-peaches,library-libraries,watch-watches,4)以f或fe结尾,把f或fe,改为v+es:leaf-leaves,knife-knives,wife-wives,shelf-shelves,…5)特殊:man-men,policeman-policemen,woman-women,child-children,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,6)不变:hair,milk,tea,coffee,water,bread,rice,paper,juice,meat,people,fish,sheep,…(2)名词所有格,表明是“谁的”如:mycousin’s,hisparents’它的构成规则:单数名词后+“’s”,Mike’smother.复数名词词尾有,其后只+“’”,Teachers’Da教师节.若是两人共有时,只在后者+“’s”,JimandTom’smother.吉姆和汤姆的母亲。不是两者所共有的,两者都+“’s”,Jim’sandTom’smother.吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲。名词若是无生命,所有格构成用of,amapofChina.一幅中国地图I一般过去时态定义:表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。 结构:“主语+动词的过去式” 用法: 1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 Hewashereyesterday. Igotupatsevenyesterdaymorning. Mymotherwasatworkyesterdayafternoon. Didyouhaveagoodtimelastsummer? 2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 Mymotheroftenwenttoworkbytaxilastyear. WhenIwasastudent,Ioftenlistenedtomusic. 3.常与一般过去时态连用的时间有:一般过去式的用法: 一般过去式表示过去的动作和状态,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.去年我在那一家工厂工作。 Imethimyesterday.昨天我碰见了他。 IwenttotheTianLongMountainyesterday.昨天我们去了天龙山。 一般过去式构成:表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。4.一般过去时的标志词:lastyear;lastnightyesterday(+morning,afternoon,evening)in+过去时间词:in1998…II过去式规则变化(a)动词词尾+“ed”。walk→walked(走)need→needed(需要) (b)动词词尾为“e”时,加“-d”。live→lived(住)like→liked(喜欢) (c)动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时,去“y”加“ied”,若是词尾为“元音字母+y”,只加“ed”。 study→studied(学习)play→played(游戏)(d)原形动词词尾为重读闭音节时,先双写该辅音字母再+“ed”stop→stoppedIII过去式规则变化(一)不变1.cutcut2.letlet3.putput4readread5.mustmust(二)改成a1.comecame2.becomebecame3.beginbegan4.drinkdrank5.havehad6.runran7.sitsat8.ringrang9.singsang10.swimswam11.givegave(三)改成ght1.thinkthought2.fightfought3.bringbrought4.buybought5.catchcaught6.teachtaught(三)改成t1.keepkept2.sleepslept3.sweepswept4.feelfelt5.spendspent6.learnlearnt7.meanmeant(四)改成ew1.blowblew2.knowknew3.growgrew4.drawdrew 5.throwthrew6.flyflew (五)改成o1.getgot2.forgetforgot3.writewrote4.riderode5.drivedrove6.sellsold7.telltold8.standstood9.understandunderstood10.speakspoke11.hearheard12.taketook (六)其他形式1.makemade2.hearheard3.eatate4.meanmeant5.saysaid6.findfound7.meetmet8.seesaw9.cancould10.shallshould11.willwould12.maymight 13.gowent14.seesaw15.wearwore时态时间标志口诀集锦1.一般现在时:“总经常有每没(美眉^^)复星周” 总:always,usually等 经常:often 有:sometimes(记住,“有”不是have,而是“有时”) 每:everyweek/month/year等 没:never 复星周:onMondays,onTuesdays等 2.一般过去时:“昨天上个XX(读作叉叉)前,

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